It upregulates genes involved in collagen synthesis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1), extracellular matrix remodeling (decorin, fibromodulin), and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) while simultaneously suppressing genes associated with inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha), fibrinogen production, and tissue destruction (several MMPs)
In people with normal B12 levels, theres no strong clinical evidence that B12by shot or pilldirectly reduces body fat
Its core mechanisms are closely related to disorders of cellular energy metabolism, accumulation of oxidative stress, and reduced capacity for DNA damage repair
It is given under medical supervision
However, the weight loss that comes from these injections is more likely to be a result of the changes in diet and exercise routines that people often adopt when they seek these treatments, rather than from the injections alone
B12 Intramuscular Dose Recommendations The usual dose for vitamin B12 injections is 1000 mcg (1 mg)
